Supervision of PhD/MPhil/MS students:

Up to June 2021, supervised 14 PhD, 1 MPhil and over two dozens of MSc/MS students (Degrees awarded); 1 PhD and 3 MPhil students are currently enrolled under supervision, a list of which is provided below:

Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque (MPhil): An estimate of cytoplasmic incompatibility and its use in the control of a storage pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Awarded in 2003.

Md. Golam Raheed (PhD): Production performance and improvement of the dairy cattle in relation to nutrition, Awarded in 2004.

Zennat Ferdousi (PhD): Estimates of inherent variability in the mosquito Culex quanqifasciatus Say reared on blood meals from different vertebrates, Awarded in 2004.

Farida Yeasmin (PhD): An estimation of cytoplasmic incompatibility and genetic variability in the house fly Musca domestica L. Awarded in 2004.

Halima Sadia Khan (PhD): Genetic manipulation of reproductive potential in the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) Awarded in 2005.

Parvin Akhtar Banu (PhD): Effect of gamma radiation and cytoplasmic incompatibility in the control of indegenous strains of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Awarded in 2006.

Eliza Sharmeen (PhD): Integration of irradiation with cytoplasmic incompatibility in the management of the pulse beetle Callosobruchus spp. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Awarded 2008.

Sharmin Mustari (PhD): UV radiation-induced changes in the life-history traits of the pulse beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Awarded in 2008.

Syed Sarwar Jahan (PhD): Performance of exotic, hybrid and indigenous chicken breeds under farm and semi-scavenging conditions Awarded in 2011.

Susanta Kumar Kundu (PhD): Productive attributes of the indigenous and crossbred dairy cattle in some selected areas of Bangladesh Awarded in 2012.

Md. Ashraful Kabir (PhD): Productivity and management of chicken breeds in some selected poultry farms of the northern regions of Bangladesh on the verge of bird flu situations Awarded in 2012.

Md. Kamrul Islam (PhD): Genetical studies of phytophagous Epilachna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Bangladesh Awarded in 2012.

Most. Jesmin Aktar (PhD): Impacts of some phytochemicals on reproductive attributes of the housefly (Musca domestica L.), Awarded in 2012.

Zannatul Ferdous (PhD): Biological screening of some indigenous plants for their anti-mosquito potentials Awarded in 2012.

Ripon Kumar Dutta (PhD): Productivity, management practices and disease incidences of the indigenous, exotic and crossbreds under smallholders’ conditions in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Awarded in 2015.

Farah Shamsi Annie (MPhil registration: 2010-11): Use of crude extracts of some indigenous plants for limiting growth and reproduction in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

Zeba Noor (MPhil registration: 2013-14): Growth performance and meat, haematological profile and cost-benefit analysis of Sonali chicken (Gallus domesticus L.) in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Sharmin Ahmed (MPhil registration: 2016-17): Parental consanguinity and the prevalence of congenital malformations in progenies from Rajshahi, Bangladesh.

Farhad Hossen (PhD registration: 2016-17): Productivity enhancement of Sonali chickens (Gallus domesticus L.) in commercial poultry farms in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.

Editors and Reviewers of Journals, Conference Proceedings and Periodical:

Executive Editor, Journal of Life & Earth Sciences (2007-11, 2018-19); Editorial Board Member, Bangladesh Journal of Genetics & Biotechnology (since 1999); Editorial Board Member, Bangladesh Journal of Zoology (2011-2012); Executive Editor, University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University (2006-08); Editor, University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University (2007-09, 2018-20); Executive Editors, Conference Proceedings, Zoological Society of Bangladesh (1999-20; 2007-08); Reviewers, Bangladesh Journal of Zoology and Journal of Bio-science (since 1995); Editor, Departmental periodical Probal (2007, 2018-20); Reviewer of several foreign journals viz., Journal of Insect Physiology, Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata, Bulletin of Entomological Research, Journal of Insect Behavior, London Journal of Science, American Journal of  Experimental Agriculture and African Journal of Agricultural Research.

Members of the learned bodies

• Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society (FRES), London
• Fellow of the Zoological Society of Bangladesh (FZSB)
• Life Member, Zoological Society of Bangladesh (Regional Secretary, 1996-1998)
• Life Member, Genetical Society of Bangladesh (Treasurer, 1999-2005).
• Life Member, Bangla Academy, Bangladesh
• Life Member, Association of the Bangladesh Commonwealth Scholars
• Life Member, Bangladesh Entomological Society
• Life Member, Bangladesh Heart Foundation, Rajshahi
• Member, Bangladesh Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS)
• Member, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
• Member, Newcastle University Alumni Association (NUAA), UK
• Member, Reading University Alumni Association (RUAA), UK
• Member, Rajshahi University Zoology Department Alumni Association (RUZDAA)
• Ex-Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), USA

 Grants received for the following Research Projects during 1996-2020*

1.      Control of uzi-fly, Exorista sorbillans Wied., an endoparasitoid of silkworm, integrating the nuclear and other techniques. Sponsor: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Austria (1996-97).

2.      Use of sterile male technique for the control of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus spp. Sponsor: The Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology (MSICT), Govt. of the People's Republic of Bangladesh (GoB) (1998-99).

3.      An estimation of cytoplasmic incompatibility and genetic variability in the house fly Musca domestica L. Sponsor: University Grants Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh (2000-01).

4.      Estimation of mating competitiveness and its use in the control of a storage pest, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Sponsor: Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Italy (2000-01).

5.      Integrated control of uzifly Exorista bombycis Louis, an endoparasitoid of silkworm, by cytoplasmic incompatibility and gamma irradiation. Sponsor: Rajshahi University (RU) (2001-02).

6.      Efficacy of some selected botanicals against Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. Sponsor: UGC (2006-07).

7.      Biological screening of some indigenous plants for their insecticidal potentials. Sponsor: MSICT), GoB (2008-09).

8.      Productivity and management practices of poultry breeds in Northern Districts of Bangladesh amidst challenges of bird flu and other diseases. Sponsor: UGC through RU (2010-11).

9.      Evaluation of productivity, management practices and disease incidence of the indigenous, Fayoumi and Sonali chickens under smallholder farm conditions in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Sponsor: UGC through RU (2013-14).

10.  Prevalence of congenital malformations in progenies from parental consanguinity in Rajshahi City Corporation, Bangladesh. Sponsor: UGC through RU (2018-19).

11.  Use of a non-conventional insecticide (diatomaceous earth, DE) against population growth and development of the houseflies Musca domestica L. Sponsor: RU (2020-21).

*Served as the Project Director

Research articles (Published during 1984-1999)

Islam, MS, Hasan, MM, Islam, MI & Siddique, MM. 1999. Gamma radiation-induced alterations in life-history traits in the uzyfly Exorista sorbillans (Wied.). Bull sericult. res. 10: 43-51.

Hoque, KMF & Islam, MS. 1999. Effects of tetracycline and UV radiation treatments on the expression of incompatibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 18: 91-102. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Siddique, MM, Salam, MA, Islam, MS & Ali, IA. 1999. A genetic analysis of visible light-induced changes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Bangladesh J. Zool.  27: 11-16. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Islam, MS & Ferdousi, Z. 1999. Effects of blood-meals from different vertebrates on the reproductive attributes in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 25(2): 315-325. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JASBS

Laz, R, Islam, MS & Ali, IA. 1999. Induction of dominant lethal mutations by ethyl methanesulfonate and caffein in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. II. Effects on pupa. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 25(2): 327-335. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JASBS

Islam, MS. 1998. Factors responsible for behavioural and pigmentary gregarization in hatchling desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (Forskål). Trop. Agric. Res. Ext. 1: 44-51. https://tare.sljol.info/issue/archive/

Islam, MS & Ferdousi, Z. 1998. On an attempt to generate autogenous mosquitoes from an anautogenous stock of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). J. bio-sci. 5: 255-262. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS

Islam, MS & Ferdous, Z. 1998. Effects of larval rearing density on the reproductive potentials in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Bangladesh j. entomol. 8: 45-52. http://pherobase.org/database/journal/Bangl.%20J.%20Entomol.-journal.php

Islam, MS & Ferdousi, Z. 1998. Effects of vertebrate blood-meals on the heritability of reproductive attributes of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Bangladesh J. Zool. 26: 19-26. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Islam, MS, Mannan, MA & Hossain-2, MA. 1998. Appearance of male secondary sexual characteristics in the aged females of the domestic chicken, Gallus domesticus L. Bangladesh J. Zool. 26: 107-112. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Laz, R, Salam, MS & Islam, MS. 1998. Induction of dominant lethal mutations by ethyl methanesulfonate and caffeine in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. I. Effects on larval growth. Bangladesh J. Zool. 26: 95-102. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

McCaffery, AR, Simpson, SJ, Islam, MS & Roessingh, P. 1998. A gregarizing factor present in the egg pod foam of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Expt. Biol. 201: 347-363. https://journals.biologists.com/jeb

Jahan, MS, Rahman, SM, Hasan, MM & Islam, MS. 1998. Effects of gamma-irradiation on adult longevity and reproductive potential of the uzi fly Exorista bombycis (Louis), an endoparasitoid of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Sericologia 38: 261-266. https://inserco.org/en/previous_issue

Reza, AMS, Hasan, M, Islam, MS & Salam, MA. 1998. N- nitroso-N-ethylurea induced changes in the reproduction of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 17: 65-69. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS. 1997. Effects of various treatments of a maternally-produced gregarizing factor on phase transformation in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). I. Effects on the behaviour of the first-instar nymphs. Bangladesh J. Zool. 25:1-7. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Islam, MS. 1997. A preliminary report on the biochemical properties of a maternally-produced gregarizing factor in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 23: 111-122. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JASBS

Islam, MS & Ferdous, Z. 1997. Effect of larval rearing density on the heritability of reproductive attributes in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 16: 19-23. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS & Ferdousi, Z. 1997. On an attempt to generate autogenous mosquitoes from an anautogenous stock of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). J. bio-sci. 5: 255-262. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS

Islam, MS, Khan, MAR & Hossain, M 1997. Cytoplasmic incompatibility between the local and exotic strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Bangladesh J. Zool. 25: 193-196. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ 

Hasan, MM, Islam, MS, Khan, MAR & Mannan, MA. 1997. Ornamental and decorative aspects of small fish indigenous to Bangladesh: Past, present and future. Proc. Natl. Workshop on Small Indigenous Fish Culture in Bangladesh. 147-148.

Islam, MS 1996. Dynamics of behavioural phase change in the first-instar nymphs of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). Pakistan J. Zool. 28: 323-330. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS 1996. Effects of various treatments of a maternally-produced gregarizing factor on phase transformation in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål). II. Effects on hatchling coloration. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 14 & 15: 77-85. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS & Salam, MA 1996. Effect of a pheromone analogue on male mating behaviour in Musca domestica L. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 14 & 15: 87-90. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Hossain, MA, Islam, MS, Mannan, MA & Khan, MAR 1996. Gerontology: Perspective Bangladesh. Proc. Int. Sem. Ageing in SAARC Countries. 99-105.

Islam, MS 1995. Endocrine manipulations in crowd-reared desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. II. Effects of precocene on mortality and reproductive parameters. Bangladesh J. Zool. 23: 199-208. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Islam, MS 1995. Endocrine manipulations in crowd-reared desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. I. Effects of juvenile hormone analogues on morphology and reproductive parameters. Pakistan J. Zool. 27: 301-310. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS, Hossain, MA & Biswas, CR 1995. Inheritance of a higher male-producing trait in the mosquito, Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. and its consequence on mating success of the selected males. J. bio-sci. 3: 43-52. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBS

Islam, MS & Port, GR 1994. Effect of a synthetic pheromone when applied to different models on male mating behaviour in Musca domestica. Pakistan J. Sci. Ind. Res. 37: 160-161. https://www.pjsir.org/

Islam, MS, Begum, M & Banu, N 1994. Heritability estimates for pupal- and adult weights in house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Pakistan J. Zool. 26: 227-229. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS, Roessingh, P, Simpson, SJ & McCaffery, AR. 1994. Effects of population density experienced by parents during mating and oviposition on the phase of hatchling desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 257: 93-98. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb

Islam, MS, Roessingh, P, Simpson, SJ & McCaffery, AR 1994. Parental effects on the behaviour and colouration of nymphs of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. J. Insect Physiol. 40: 173-181. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-insect-physiology

Islam, M S, Begum, M & Banu, N 1994. Heritability estimates for pupal- and adult weights in house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Pakistan J. Zool. 26: 227-229. http://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS & Parveen, S 1992. Estimates of heritability for quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Pakistan J. Zool. 24: 105-109. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS & Port, GR 1992. Two methods of estimating competitiveness of chemosterilized males of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Bull. ent.  Res. 82: 521-524.  doi: 10.1017/S0007485300042619        

Salam, MA, Islam, MS, Rahman, SM & Haque, MN 1992. Effect of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea on the induction of dominant lethals in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Sericologia  32: 551-555. https://inserco.org/en/previous_issue

Islam, MS, Mannan, MA, Afreen, KS, Begum, M & Saha, AC 1992. A preliminary report on the effects of ultra-violet  radiation on the fecundity and fertility of Culex pipiens fatigans Wiedemann. (Diptera:Culicidae). J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 18: 57-63. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JASBS

Islam, MS & Port, GR 1991. Effectiveness of hexamethyl phosphoramide as a house fly sterilant. Bangladesh J. Zool. 19: 199-211. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ

Islam, MS 1991. The directional and relaxed selection for hatchability in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila Information Service (DIS) 70: 98-100. https://www.ou.edu/journals/dis/byissue.html

Islam, MS & Islam, ABMW 1990. Mercuric chloride-induced morphogenetic changes in Musca domestica L. II. Studies on pre-pupal development and sex-ratio. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 9: 93-96. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS & Begum, RA 1989. The role of mating preference in intraspecific competition in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Insect Behavior 2: 713-717.

Islam, MS & Siddique, AB 1988. The integrated effects of temperature-shock on pupae and selection for sex-ratio in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila Information Service (DIS) 67: 46-47. https://www.ou.edu/journals/dis/byissue.html

Islam, MS & Islam, ABMW 1988. Mercuric chloride-induced morphogenetic changes in Musca domestica L. I. Studies on morphology and growth of developmental stages. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 7: 53-56. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS, Khan, MAR, Barman, PC & Ali, SI 1987. Effect of copper and ferrous sulphates on the durations of developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila Information Service (DIS) 67: 46. https://www.ou.edu/journals/dis/byissue.html

Islam, MS & Hossain, MA 1987. Effect of temperature-shock on hatchability of plateaued population of Drosophila melanogaster. The Rajshahi University Studies (Part B) XV: 193-198.

Islam, MS, Khan, MAR, Barman, PC & Ali, SI 1987. Effect of copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate on the hatchability of Drosophila melanogaster. Pakistan J. Zool. 19: 91-93. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS, Hossain, MA & Biswas, CR 1987. Frequency-dependent selection in Drosophila melanogaster. Pakistan J. Zool. 19: 27-35. https://www.zsp.com.pk/pjz.html

Islam, MS, Khan, MAR, Barman, PC & Ali, SI 1986. Effect of copper and ferrous sulphates on offspring production in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila Information Service (DIS) 63: 68. https://www.ou.edu/journals/dis/byissue.html

Hossain, MA, Islam, MS & Rahman, AZMS 1985. The fate of white-eye locus of Drosophila melanogaster. in frequency-dependent selection. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 4: 11-16. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS & Hossain, MA 1984. Lethality in homozygous Curly mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 3: 89-90. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

Islam, MS, Salam, MA, Haque, R & Zahid, MH 1984. The effect of natural selection on two genotypes in intraspecific competition in Drosophila melanogaster. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. 3: 55-60. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/UJZRU

(NB: Quite a good number of publications are missing or unavailable due to studying and working abroad for over 9 and half years during 1989-90; 1991-95 and 2001-2005)

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gyw³hy‡×i eQi 1971-G Avwg `kg ‡kªwYi QvÎ, GmGmwm cix¶vi cÖ¯‘wZ Pj‡Q|  `yÕeQi Av‡Mi Dbmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ e¸ov kn‡i| Avgvi AevOvwj †ekwKQz mncvwVi K_vevZ©v I AvPiY ZLb †_‡KB j¶¨ KiZvg| AveŸv †ijI‡q‡Z PvKwi Ki‡Zb e‡j Zuvi A‡bK mnKg©x wQ‡jb AevOvwj| Zuv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i m‡½ Avgv‡`i `~iZ¡I †hb µgk evo‡Z _v‡K| hv‡nvK, GKvˇii gvP© gv‡mi Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi †kl ch©v‡q e¸ov miKvwi Avwhhyj nK K‡j‡Ri QvÎe„›` I e¸ov †ij‡÷kb msjMœ Avgv‡`i cvov †mDRMvwoi ZiæY-hyeK‡`i mgš^‡q MwVZ MYcÖwZ‡iva evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i ivZ †R‡M cvnviv †`qv, †ijI‡q K‡jvwb I Lv`¨¸`vg GjvKvq AevOvwj‡`i m‡›`nRbK AvPiY, kn‡ii wgwQj-wgwUs, cywjm jvBb GjvKvq AevOvwj KZ©„K evOvwj‡`i †`vKvb-cvU I evm †cvov‡bvi NUbv BZ¨vw` DwØMœ-DrKÚvi ga¨ w`‡q gv‡P©i Z…Zxq mßvn †cwi‡q †Mj| ¯‹zj-K‡jR eÜ, ZvB covïbvqI gb em‡Q bv| we‡K‡j kn‡ii e¨¯ÍZg mvZgv_v, AvjZvdz‡bœQv †Ljvi gvV, DWevb© cvewjK jvB‡eªwi wKsev KvwjZjv-dzjevwo GjvKvq eÜz iwdK-wgby‡`i m‡½ KvUvB| 

w`b ZvwiL wVK g‡b †bB, m¤¢eZ 26-27 gv‡P©i mKv‡j AveŸv Amg‡q Awdm †_‡K ZwoNwo K‡i evmvq wd‡i G‡m Rvbv‡jb †`‡ki Ae¯’v fvj bv, MZiv‡Z XvKvq fxlY MÛ‡Mvj n‡q‡Q, Avwg †hb kn‡i bv hvB| †mw`bB mÜvi wKQz Av‡M gU©vi-‡kj I †gwkb Mv‡bi ¸wj Qzo‡Z Qzo‡Z Lvb‡mbv‡`i `j (†m mgq wgwjUvwi kãwUi e¨vcK e¨envi wQj) iscyi-e¸ov moK w`‡q gvwUWvwj-dzjevwo n‡q e¸ov kn‡i cÖ‡e‡ki †Póv Pvjvq| Zvi Av‡M †_‡K cywjm jvB‡b Ae¯’vbiZ evOvwj cywjm, e¸ov m`i _vbvi UvDb `v‡ivMvmn Zuvi evOvwj mnKg©x I K‡j‡Ri QvÎe„›` †ijI‡q †÷kb †_‡K 7-8wU gvjMvwo †V‡j wb‡q wM‡q †ij¸gwU NimsjMœ `ywU †j‡fj µwms-G †i‡L †`b, hv‡Z K‡i wgwjUvwiiv kn‡i wbwe©‡Nœ XyK‡Z bv cv‡i| GwU PgrKvifv‡e Kv‡R jv‡M|  †j‡fj µwms ch©šÍ G‡m K‡qKRb AwZ Drmvnx Lvb‡mbv gvjMvwoi cÖwZeÜKZv Uc‡K Icv‡i bvg‡ZB Av‡M †_‡K cÖ¯‘Z Õe¸ov †evwW©sÕ-Gi Qv‡` Ae¯’vb †bqv cywj‡mi ¸wj‡Z GKRb Lvb‡mbv gv_vq ¸wjwe× nIqvq Zviv Zr¶YvZ Rxc Nywi‡q †hc‡_ G‡mwQj, †mc‡_B cvwj‡q hvq Ges kn‡ii DcK‡Ú dzjevwo¯’ Aq¨vi‡jm †÷kb cÖv½‡Y Av¯Ívbv Mv‡o| ILvb †_‡K gv‡S gv‡S †gwkb Mv‡bi ¸wj Quy‡o Zviv knigq AvZ¼ m„wói cÖqvm Pvjvq Ges AviI `yÕGKevi kn‡i †XvKvi †Póv K‡i, wKš‘ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L Zviv e¨_© nq| Ae¯’v †eMwZK †`‡L Ges †h‡Kvb mgq kni Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i we‡ePbv K‡i mvaviY RbMb (cvewjK) kni Qvo‡Z ïiæ K‡i| c‡ii w`b mÜvq AvgivI mcwiev‡i Ab¨vb¨‡`i mv‡_ cvq †nu‡U kn‡ii A`~‡i gvwUWvwj msjMœ ev‡ivcyi MÖv‡g (`v`vevwo) wM‡q DwV| †mLv‡b wM‡q Rvb‡Z cvB, Lvb‡mbviv Miæ-QvMj I gyiwMi †Luv‡R MÖv‡g cÖvqB nvbv w`‡”Q| `yÕivZ A‡bK `ywðšÍvi g‡a¨ KvwU‡q Ges ev‡ivcy‡i Ae¯’vb Kiv wbivc` bq we‡ePbv K‡i AveŸv wm×všÍ †bb Avgiv Av`g`xwN _vbvi Aax‡b bvbvevwo bkircy‡i P‡j hve| 

c‡ii w`b mKv‡j nv‡Z-Nv‡o e¨vM-‡cvUjv wb‡q Avgiv cv‡q †nu‡U iIbv w`jvg; m‡½ gv, dzcy, ‡evb I †QvUfvB‡qiv Av‡Q| cÖ_‡g 5-6 gvBj c_ K‡qKwU MÖv‡gi wfZi w`‡q, Zvici e¸ov-mvšÍvnvi †ijjvBb eivei Pj‡Z jvMjvg| c‡_ AviI A‡bK †jvKR‡bi mv¶vr cvIqv †Mj| `~cyi bvMv` Zv‡jvov †ij ‡÷k‡bi KvQvKvwQ GKwU MÖv‡gi R‰bK gyiæweŸ Avgv‡`i Amnvq Ae¯’v †`‡L Zuvi evwo‡Z wb‡q wM‡q LvIqv‡jb| `ytmg‡q Avgiv Zuvi †mB AvwZ‡_qZvq hvici bvB DcK…Z njvg I ïKwiqv Rvwb‡q Avevi c_ Pj‡Z jvMjvg| Z‡e c_ †hb †kl n‡Z Pvq bv| gwnjv ev”Pv-Kv”Pvmn Avgiv Rbv `‡kK †jvK, m‡½ UvKv-cqmv, wRwbmcÎ hZUzKz †bhv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q, †m¸wj Av‡Q- mÜv Nwb‡q G‡j fq fq Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| hv‡nvK, cÖvq 17-18 gvBj †nu‡U †Zgb †Kvb ANUb QvovB Avgiv ivZ bÕUv bvMv` bvbvevwo †cuŠQjvg| bvbv-bvwb, gvgvivI `ywðšÍvq wQ‡jb, Avgv‡`i †c‡q ZuvivI ‡hb ¯^w¯Íi wbtk¦vm †dj‡jb| MÖv‡gi mgeqmx †Q‡j‡`i m‡½ †jLvcovwenxb mgq fvjB KvU‡Z jvM‡jv| BwZg‡a¨ Kv‡R †hvM`vb Kivi Rb¨ e¸ov †_‡K AveŸvi Awd‡mi em R‰bK AevOvwj Kg©Pvwi‡K 2/3 evi cvwV‡qwQ‡jb, wKš‘ AveŸv Awd‡m †hvM`vb Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡q †`b| 

***GwcÖ‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q Avwg Avgvi GK †QvU dzdv‡Zv fvB‡K wb‡q mvB‡K‡j †P‡c bkircyi-e¸ov †ijc_ a‡i e¸ov kn‡i hvB; D‡Ïk¨ Ni-evwo wVKVvK Av‡Q wK-bv †`Lv| Avgv‡`i evwoi †Pnviv I Ae¯’v  †`‡L Avgvi Kvbœv †c‡Z jvM‡jv| evmvi wfZ‡i eo-eo Nvm R‡b¥‡Q, Ges N‡ii Zvjv †f‡½ †ekwKQz wRwbmcÎ jyU ev Pzwi n‡q †M‡Q| fyZz‡o evwo‡Z ivZ KvUv‡bvi mvnm †cjvg bv| cwiwPZ GK evmvq ivZ KvwU‡q c‡ii w`b mKv‡j bvbvevwo †divi cÖ¯‘wZ wbw”Q| mKvj 9-10Uv n‡e| Ggb mgq e¸ov kni cvK †mbv‡`i wegvb nvgjvi wkKvi n‡jv| †`Š‡o evmvi Kv‡Qi GKwU ev¼v‡i Avkªq wbjvg, †hLv‡b cwiwPZ-AcwiwPZ AviI K‡qKRb‡K †`Ljvg| dvBUvi ‡cø‡bi Kvb dvUv‡bv MR©b I †evgvi cÖPÛ kã, G mewKQz wgwj‡q AvZ¼ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †ek wKQz¶Y a‡i evievi P°i w`‡q Pj‡jv †evgv el©Y| cÖm½Z e‡j ivwL, BwZc~‡e© 1965 mv‡ji cvwK¯Ívb-BwÛqv hy‡×i mgqI Avgvi wegvb Avµg‡Y covi fqvj AwfÁZ i‡q‡Q| Avgiv ZLb †ijI‡qi weL¨vZ Rskb jvjgwbinv‡Ui †KvqvU©v‡i _vKZvg| Hmgq †ij‡÷kb, †jv‡Kv‡kW I A¨v‡ivWªv‡g BwÛqvb wegv‡bi †evgv el©Y cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ| ‡evgviæ wegvb `yÕwU P‡j hvIqvi ci ciB iscyi-e¸ov gnvmoK w`‡q ¸wj I gU©vi †kj el©Y Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Lvb‡mbv e¸ov kn‡i ‡XvKvi ¯úó AvjvgZ Avgiv †`L‡Z †cjvg| Gw`‡K †evgv el©‡Y †÷kb msjMœ †c‡Uªvj cv‡¤ú Av¸b a‡i wM‡qwQj| ZvQvov kn‡ii RvqMvq RvqMvq †auvqvi KzÛwj †`Lv hvw”Qj| GgZve¯Ívq kn‡ii †jvKRb †h-‡hw`‡K cv‡i †cvUjv-cvUwjmn cvwj‡q hv‡”Q| AvgivI Avevi †ijjvBb a‡i bkircyi Awfgy‡L iIbv †`B| cw_g‡a¨ ïb‡Z cvB, Kvnvjyi †gviBj bvgK ¯’v‡bi GKwU ¯‹z‡j ivLv †÷U e¨vs‡Ki UvKv jyU n‡q hv‡”Q| Avgiv cjvqbci †jv‡Kiv Gm‡ei wKQz bv Rvb‡jI †ijjvB‡bi RvqMvq RvqMvq e‡m _vKv Drmvnx I my‡hvM mÜvbx †jvKRb Avgv‡`i _vwg‡q wR‡Ám Ki‡Z jvM‡jv -Mv‡q Kv`v-gvwUi `vM †Kb? m‡½i e¨vMc‡Î UvKvi evwÛj Av‡Q wK-bv? -BZ¨vKvi cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡jv Avgv‡`i| hv‡nvK, fvM¨ cÖmbœ _vKvq †Zgb wKQz `~N©Ubv N‡Uwb| 

mÜvi ci f~Zz‡o nvU-evRvi †cwi‡q Avgiv bvbvevwo †cuŠ‡Q Rvb‡Z cvwi Hw`b `~cy‡ii ci †_‡K evRv‡ii wn›`y‡`i Nievwo, †`vKvbcvU me jyU n‡q‡Q, hv Av‡kcv‡ki MÖv‡gi †jvKRbiv K‡i‡Q|***Gfv‡e †jLvcov wk‡Kq Zz‡j, feNy‡ii gZ Mí¸Re K‡i, wQc w`‡q cyKz‡i gvQ †g‡i Ges mßv‡ni nv‡Ui w`b¸wj‡Z bvbv-gvgv‡`i m‡½ nv‡U Ny‡i Avgvi mgq KvU‡Z jvM‡jv| Gw`‡K AveŸv PvKwi‡Z ‡hvM`vb bv Kivq, Ges Ab¨ †Kvb DcvR©‡bi e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq, e‡m e‡m ‡L‡q Avgv‡`i Rgv‡bv UvKv-cqmv †kl n‡Z Pj‡jv| AZtci m‡½ _vKv †mvbv-`vbv wewµ Kiv ïiæ n‡jv| AveŸv‡K bvbvevwoi †KD †KD civgk© w`‡jb e¸ov wM‡q Awd‡m R‡qb Kivi, wKš‘ wZwb KY©cvZ Ki‡jb bv| bvbvbvwbmn AvgivI PvBZvg bv wZwb Rxe‡bi SuywK wb‡q e¸ovq hvb| (¯^vaxbZvi ci wZwb Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges ciewZ©‡Z bq gv‡mi †eZb-fvZv GKm‡½ †c‡qwQ‡jb)| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z GjvKvi gyw³evwnbx `‡ji civg‡k© MÖv‡gi †jvKRb Zv‡`i Rwgi avb-Pvj w`‡q Avgv‡`i †ek mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj, †hwU Avgiv GLbI K…ZÁZvi m‡½ ¯§iY Kwi| Gi g‡a¨ Avwg `yÕevi †Uª‡b †P‡c e¸ov hvB Avgv‡`i evwoN‡ii Ae¯’v †`L‡Z| Rb¥¯’vb e¸ov kni ZLb wb‡Ri Kv‡Q A‡Pbv †VKwQj| ***Z‡e, GwcÖj-‡g gv‡m msNwUZ mvšÍvnvi ‡ij‡÷kb msjMœ wenvwi K¨v‡¤úi AevOvwj wbab, cvwj‡q †eu‡P hvIqv wKQz wenvwi cwiev‡ii MÖv‡g cybe©vmb I c‡i Zv‡`i e¸ov P‡j hvIqvi KiæY cwiYwZ, Ges K‡qKRb `y®K…wZKvix‡K PvKz w`‡q R‡en& I LuywP‡q †g‡i †djvi Pv¶zl AwfÁZv Avgvi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY-c~e© NUbv¸wji Ab¨Zg|

2. ‡Mwijv cÖwk¶Y ce© (AMv÷-A‡±vei, 1971)

AMv‡÷i gvSvgvwS (fv‡`ªi ïiæ) †`‡ki Ae¯’v AviI GKavc Lviv‡ci w`‡K P‡j †Mj| K‡qKw`b Av‡M gyw³‡hv×viv bkircyi †ijI‡q †÷k‡bi wU‡KU KvD›Uvi I wmMb¨vj †gwkbcÎ we‡ùviK jvwM‡q Dwo‡q w`‡q hvq| Zvici †j‡fj-µwms-G gvBb we‡ùvi‡Y †Uª‡bi ¶wZmvab Ges GKRb `vjvj‡K we‡K‡j nv‡U Avmvi c‡_ †ijjvB‡bi cv‡k ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v, GiKg K‡qKwU NUbvq Lvb‡mbviv iv‡Z wM‡q MÖvg wN‡i †i‡L mKv‡j evwoevwo Zjøvwk Pvwj‡q m‡›`nfvRb hyeK‡`i a‡i wb‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jv| Avwg I gvgvmn MÖv‡gi Rbv`‡kK hyeK civgk© K‡i wm×všÍ wbjvg hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e Ab¨ GKwU `‡ji m‡½ gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡Z BwÛqv cvwo †`e| 2/3 w`b c‡iB Avgv‡`i †mB Kvw•LZ my‡hvM G‡jv| mÜvi ci AvZ¥xh-¯^Rb‡`i AkÖæwm³ bq‡b we`vq Rvwb‡q Avgiv Ges Ab¨ AviI 30-35 Rb cv‡q †nu‡U iIbv w`jvg| †Rvrmœv ivZ, gv‡V A‡bK`~i ch©šÍ †`Lv hvq| Avgv‡`i m‡½ `yRb AcwiwPZ MvBW Av‡Qb| Zuviv hyeK‡`i `j wb‡q BwÛqvi gyw³‡hv×v †Uªwbs K¨v‡¤ú †cuŠ‡Q ‡`qv Gis †UªwbscÖvß †hv×v‡`i evsjv‡`‡k ‡dir Avbvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Kv‡RB c_-NvU I Lvb‡mbv‡`i Unj I cvnviv †PŠwKi Ae¯’vb Zv‡`i Rvbv i‡q‡Q| Zuv‡`i Dc‡`kgZ KL‡bv jvBb K‡i, Avevi KL‡bv G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e Rwgi AvB‡ji Dci w`‡q wKsev MÖv‡gi †g‡Vvc_ a‡i Avgiv wbtk‡ã GwM‡q Pjjvg|  mevi mv‡_ AwZ msw¶ß wRwbmc‡Îi GKwU K‡i Kuvae¨vM| ivZ 12Uv bvMv` Av‡°jcyi-Rvgvjcyi ga¨eZ©x †ijc_ AwZµg K‡i Avgiv bIMuv †Rjvi mxgvbvq †cuŠwQ| K_v bq, eis gv‡Sg‡a¨ gy‡Li we‡kl mxk w`‡q I Bkvivq c_ PjwQ mevB| iv‡Z cvnviv I UnjiZ Lvb‡mbv I ivRvKvi‡`i †PŠnwÏ Gwo‡q Avgiv hLb GKwU b`xi (AvÎvB-Gi †Kvb GKwU kvLv) Nv‡U Avwm, †fv‡ii Av‡jv ZLb m‡e dzU‡Q| wb`ªvnxb XyjyXyjy †Pv‡L †bŠKvq D‡V m‡½i wPov-we¯‹zU †ei K‡i mevB LvB| iv‡Z †Kv_vI _vgv ev LvIqv nqwb| K¬všÍ-Aembœ kix‡i AviI wKQz`~i GwM‡q GKwU MÖv‡g †cuvwQ, †hLv‡b w`‡bi †ejvq mevB‡K jywK‡q _vK‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i Avmvi msev` Zviv Av‡M †_‡K Rvb‡Zv g‡b n‡jv| ZvovZvwo wKQz †L‡q Avgiv gvwUi †`vZjv N‡ii Dc‡i D‡V ï‡q cojvg| 

mvivw`b Nywg‡q mÜvi ci Avevi n›Ub| Gevi km¨‡¶Z-cÖvšÍi I we‡ji wfZi w`‡q nuvUv| Mfxi iv‡Z eW©vi GjvKv †ek mveav‡b AwZµg Kiv n‡jv| wKQz`~i G¸‡ZB nVvr e„wó ïiæ| Iw`‡K mvg‡bi MvBW wec` ms‡KZ w`‡jb; mvg‡b †mbv`‡ji gvP© K‡i Avmvi g‡Zv wKQz †`Lv hvq| wKsKZ©e¨weg~p Avgiv mevB AvB‡ji cv‡k ï‡q cojvg| †KD †KD µwjs-Gi g‡Zv K‡i `ªæZ cvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jv| GKevi g‡b n‡jv Avgiv eywS Lvb‡mbv‡`i G¨v¤^y‡k c‡owQ| bv, Zv bq| fvM¨ fvj, Lvb‡mbviv bq| mvg‡b Avm‡Q 20-25 Rb gyw³‡hv×vi GKwU `j| m`¨ †Uªwbs †k‡l Zviv A¯¿k¯¿mn †`‡k cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q| G‡Z K‡i Avgiv †hb mevB AbycÖvwYZ †eva Kijvg| n¨vÛ‡kK K‡i K‡i mevB‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡bv n‡jv| Zv‡`i †cQ‡b †d‡j beD‡`¨v‡g GwM‡q Pj‡jv Avgv‡`i `j| fv½v I †cvov Nievwo, _g_‡g GjvKv †cwi‡q KL‡bv eo iv¯Ív, KL‡bv Muv‡qi miæ c_ a‡i nuvUwQ| Rvbjvg Avgiv Kvjycvov eW©vi †cwi‡q BwÛqvi cwðg w`bvRcy‡ii evjyiNvU GjvKvq Xy‡K c‡owQ| cÖvq †kl iv‡Z hvÎv weiwZ n‡jv GKwU †jvKvj‡q| †h ‡hLv‡b cvwi ï‡q cojvg| Avgvi Nyg fv½‡jv QvM‡ji Wv‡K| †R‡M †`wL K‡qKwU QvM‡ji weôv I cÖmªv‡ei cv‡k Nywg‡q wQjvg| D‡V mevi m‡½ msw¶ß bv¯Ív †m‡i Avevi nuvUvi cvjv| cÖvq N›Uv Pv‡iK †nu‡U G‡m †cuŠQjvg gaycyi Bqy_ K¨v‡¤ú| GwU GKwU K¨v¤ú †hLvb †_‡K cÖv_wgK evQvB †k‡l gyw³‡hv×v wn‡m‡e †Uªwbs cÖZ¨vkx‡`i cvVv‡bv nq c‡ii D”PZi K¨v‡¤ú| cÖ_‡g jvB‡b `uvo Kwi‡q Avgv‡`i e¨vMcÎ I †`n Zjøvwk Kiv n‡jv- m‡›`nRbK ev wec`RbK wKQz †hgb †eøW, KuvwP, †Kvb mv‡¼wZK KvMR BZ¨vw` m‡½ Av‡Q wK-bv| bvg, wVKvbv, cwiPq wjwce× Kivi ci gv‡V †iv‡`i g‡a¨ `uvo Kwi‡q †ek wKQz kvixwiK KmiZ †kLv‡bv n‡jv Ges †Mwijv hy‡×i wKQz wbqgKvbyb eY©bv Kiv n‡jv| †ewkifvM †UªBbvi-BÝUªv±i wQ‡jb cywjm I mvgwiK evwnbxi †jvKRb Ges K¨v‡¤úi ‡bZ…e„‡›`i ‡ekxifvMB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZv-Kgx©| `~cyi 2/3Uvi w`‡K WvjWv w`‡q ivbœv Kiv myNÖvYhy³ wLPzwi †L‡Z †`qv n‡jv| cÖvq wZbw`b ci fvZ †c‡q Avgiv hvici bvB Z…wß I gRv K‡i †Ljvg| GKUz wekªv‡gi ci Avevi Õdj BbÕ (jvB‡b `uvov‡bv)-Gi ûBwmj| KvR bv _vK‡jI e‡m-Nywg‡q Ajm gw¯Í‡®‹ mgq bó Kiv hv‡e bv| gv‡Vi †PvivKuvUv IVv‡bv, K¨v‡¤úi Av‡kcv‡ki †Svc-Svo cwi¯‹vi Kiv, ‡U›U ev Zuvey Ly‡j Avevi jvMv‡bv, fwjej-dzUej †L‡j mÜv Nwb‡q G‡j cybivq jvB‡b `uvwo‡q RvZxq m½xZ Ges ‡UªBbvi A_ev †bZ…e„‡›`i msw¶ß e³…Zv ‡kvbv| Zvici ivZ 8-9Uvi g‡a¨ iæwU †L‡q N‡ii nvwi‡Kb wbwf‡q Nywg‡q cov| K_vevZ©v ev Mvb MvIqvi Dci wb‡lavÁv i‡q‡Q| myZivs, gvwU‡Z L‡oi Dci cvZv PvUv‡qi weQvbvq ï‡q Amg‡q Nywg‡q covi Af¨vm Kiv Qvov Dcvq †bB| Lye †fv‡i D‡V Õµm-Kvw›UªÕ †`Š‡o cÖvq 8-10 gvBj Ny‡i G‡m bv¯Ív, kvixwiK KmiZ, †UªBbvi‡`i wb‡`©k-Dc‡`k †kvbv, Gfv‡e Avgv‡`i cÖvq 10/12 w`b †K‡U †Mj| 

BwZg‡a¨ †ek K‡qKRb wbe©vwPZ n‡q †Lvjv Uªv‡K P‡o P‡j †Mj D”PZi †Uªwbs K¨v¤ú ÕcwZivgÕ-G| Zvi K‡qKw`b ci G‡jv Avgv‡`i cvjv| cwZiv‡g G‡m AviI K‡Vvi ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb, wb‡lavÁv I †Uªwbs-Gi AvIZvq AšÍf©~³ njvg| BwZg‡a¨ Lei †cjvg AveŸv bkircyi K‡j‡Ri wcÖwÝc¨vj I AviI K‡qKRb cwiwPZ‡`i m‡½ cwðge‡½i †Kvb GK kivYv_©x wkwe‡i G‡m‡Qb| ‡mLv‡b wZwb kivYv_©x‡`i IlyacÎ I ÎvY weZi‡Yi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| B‡”Q _vKv m‡Z¡I Avwg Zuvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z cvwiwb| GLv‡b cÖvq 8-10 w`b Ae¯’v‡bi ci PzovšÍ wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ AvKei gvgv I eÜz nvwg`mn Avwg jvB‡b `uvovjvg| †mw`b bIMuvi msm` m`m¨ cÖqvZ Avãyj Rwjj mv‡nemn AviI K‡qKRb †bZ…e„›` jvB‡b `uvwo‡q _vKv hyeK‡`i evQvB Ki‡Qb| mvg‡b †_‡K K‡qKRb‡K wK †hb Kvi‡Y ev` †`qv n‡jv| Avgv‡`i eyK ZLb `yiæ`yiæ Kuvc‡Q, AvR‡Ki wbe©vP‡b ev` c‡o †M‡j GKm‡½ hviv G‡mwQ Zviv GKB `‡j _vK‡Z cvi‡ev bv| Rwjj mv‡ne Avgvi ey‡K _vev †g‡i wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, wK hy× Ki‡Z cvi‡e? Avwg `„pZvi m‡½ nu¨v-myPK Reve w`‡j Avgv‡K wbe©vwPZ‡`i `‡j cvwV‡q w`‡jb| nvwg`‡K wb‡q Avgiv wPwšÍZ wQjvg, KviY †m ïay GKUy †eu‡UB wQjbv, Zvi †PnvivUvI wQj ev”Pv †Q‡ji g‡Zv| hv‡nvK, †mI ‡kl ch©šÍ g‡bvbqb †cj|

cwZivg †_‡K wbe©vwPZ n‡q Drmvn I Avb›` wb‡q Avgiv Gevi ev‡m P‡o mKvj mKvj wkwj¸wo †Rjvi cvwbNvUv †Uªwbs K¨v¤ú Awfg~‡L hvÎv Kwi| Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ A‡b‡KB cwZiv‡g i‡q hvq, c‡ii evQvB‡q wbe©vwPZ nIqvi Avkvq| gv‡S gv‡S ÕRq evsjvÕ †¯øvMvb w`‡q Ges Av‡kcv‡ki AcwiwPZ Rbc` †`L‡Z †`L‡Z GwM‡q P‡j Avgv‡`i evnb| `xN© c_ AwZµg K‡i Avgiv †k‡l cvnvox c‡_ µgk Dc‡ii w`‡K DV‡Z _vwK| mܨv Nwb‡q ivZ n‡q †M‡Q, ZLbI cvwbNvUvi †`Lv †bB| Ge‡ov-‡_e‡ov, fv½v cv_‡ii c‡_ Pj‡Q Avgv‡`i evm| SuvKzwb‡Z AviI K¬vwšÍ †eva KiwQ mevB| ivZ 11-12Uvi w`‡K †cuŠQv †Mj Kvw•LZ cvwbNvUvq| g~jZ cvnv‡oi MvQcvjv cwi¯‹vi K‡i Li‡mªvZv GKwU SY©vi Mv-†Nu‡m ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q AvcvZ A¯’vqx GB †Uªwbs K¨v¤úwU| †ek K‡qKwU Kei †`Lv †Mj c‡_i av‡i| Rvbjvg G¸wj †Uªwbs wb‡Z Avmv eÜz‡`i; mv‡ci Kvg‡o wKsev ‡Uªwbs PjvKv‡j `~N©Ubvq g„Z¨y n‡qwQj G‡`i| ga¨ iv‡Z evm †_‡K †b‡g G¸jvg Avgv‡`i ÕAvjdvÕ †Kv¤úvwbi wbw`©ó Zuveyi D‡Ï‡k¨| Rvbv †Mj Av‡Mi w`b GKwU `j †Uªwbs †kl K‡i P‡j hvIqvq IwU Avgv‡`i Rb¨ duvKv n‡q‡Q| Av‡kcv‡ki Zuvey¸wj wQj †eª‡fv, Pvwj© I †Wëv †Kv¤úvwbi| 

Avg‡`i †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †gvU 22 Rb| G‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q GjGjwe †kªwY‡Z Aa¨qbiZ Rbve Rqbvj Av‡e`xb g‡bvwbZ n‡jb MÖæc wjWvi wn‡m‡e, Avi Avgv‡K Kiv n‡jv Zuvi †WcywU MÖæc wjWvi| e¸ovq Avgvi AevOvwj mncvwV‡`i e‡`Šj‡Z Avwg D`©~ I wnw›` ej‡Z I eyS‡Z cviZvg e‡j cvwbNvUvi †UªBbvi‡`i m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ges Zv‡`i wb‡`©k-Dc‡`k `‡ji Ab¨ mevB‡K †evSv‡bvi cÖavb `vwqZ¡Uv ZvB Avgv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z n‡Zv| `yÕRb cvÄvwe Awdmvi, wZbRb wkL BÝUªv±i Ges 4/5 Rb Ab¨ c‡`i Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvwi Avgv‡`i †Uªwbs-Gi mvwe©K `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| ûBwm‡ji AvIqv‡R Lye †fv‡i Nyg †_‡K D‡V cÖ_g KvR wQj wb‡R‡`i 10 R‡bi ZuveywU †MvQv‡bv, Zuveyi Dc‡i I Av‡kcv‡k c‡o _vKv Mv‡Qi cvZv I AveR©bv cwi¯‹vi Kiv, Zvici ev_iæg mviv| ev_iæg ej‡Z Db¥y³ SY©vi Xvjy I we¯Í…Z cvo| cÖ_g w`b wM‡q †`wL A™¢yZ my›`i GKwU `„k¨| `~‡i cvnv‡oi Dci wkjs kn‡ii Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j Dcw¯’wZ, wb‡P cÖevngvb SY©v I Zvi cvwb cÖev‡ni m‡¤§vnbxKi aŸwb| K¨v‡¤úi A‡bK †jvKRb Zv‡`i †Mvmj, nvZ-gyL †avqv, Kvco KvPv Ges A`~‡iB eo eo cv_‡ii Avov‡j cÖvK…wZK cÖ‡qvRb mvi‡Q| mgq gvÎ AvaN›Uv| `ªæZ wd‡i G‡m h_vixwZ Õdj BbÕ Ges Zvici h_vixwZ Õµm Kvw›UªÕ †`Šo| Gfv‡e †K‡U hvq cÖvq GKN›Uv| Zvici Zuvey‡Z wd‡i G‡m Wy‡ev †Z‡j fvRv eo eo `ywU K‡i c‡ivUv, m‡½ fvwR ev Wvj Ges eo GK gM `vwR©wjs-Gi aygvwqZ Pv| 15-20 wgwb‡U bv¯Ív †kl K‡i cÖwZw`‡bi g~j †Uªwbs ïiæ n‡jv| kvixwiK Kmi‡Zi e¨vcviwU _vK‡eB| GLv‡b Avmvi ci cÖvq cÖwZ mßv‡n GKevi K‡i Avgiv fvj Lvevi †cZvg; fv½v AvZe Pv‡ji †cvjvI‡qi m‡½ Õgwnjv LvmxÕ A_©vr cvnvox QvM‡ji gvsm cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡Zv| Z‡e WvjUv wQj wbZvšÍB wbgœgv‡bi; cÖvqk giv Kv‡jv Kv‡jv †cvKv ivbœv Kiv Wv‡j ‡f‡m _vK‡Z ‡`Lv †h‡Zv| cÖwZw`b mܨvi G‡mgweø‡Z myk„•Ljfv‡e jvB‡b `uvwo‡q Avgv‡`i RvZxq m½xZ MvB‡Z n‡Zv Ges †m mgq †Kv¤úvbxi Ab¨ me Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvwii Dcw¯’wZ wQj eva¨Zvg~jK| K‡qKw`b a‡i †÷bMvb, w_ª-bU-w_ª ivB‡dj, GmGjAvi (†mî-†jv‡WW ivB‡dj) I GjGgwR (jvBU †gwkb Mvb)-Gi Kvh©c×wZ, wewfbœ As‡ki bvg, †m¸wj ‡Lvjv-eÜ I cwi¯‹vi Kiv BZ¨vw` †kLv‡bv n‡jv| 

cieZx© K‡qKw`‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi we‡ùviK (G·‡cøvwmf), eyweUª¨vá, A¨vw›U-cv‡m©vbvj I A¨vw›U-U¨vsK gvBb, n¨vÛ †MÖ‡bW Ges †Mwijv Iqvi‡dqv‡i e¨eüZ bvbv †KŠk‡ji we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY I †¶Îwe‡k‡l nv‡Z Kj‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| mßvn `y‡qK c‡i ÕPvbgvwiÕ A_©vr dvqvwis cÖvK&wUm| G‡Z cvnvo‡K †cQ‡b †i‡L †÷bMvb, ivB‡dj I GmGjAvi w`‡q 20 wKsev 100 dzU `~‡ii Uv‡M©‡U 10 ivDÛ K‡i ¸wj Qzo‡Z n‡jv| c‡i GKw`b n¨vÛ †MÖ‡bW †Quvovi cÖvK&wUm; Avi GKw`b we‡ùviK jvwM‡q GKwU †QvU MvQ Dwo‡q †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| ZvQvov 3/4 w`b Avgv‡`i wb‡q bvBU c¨v‡i‡W hvIqv nq, †hLv‡b iv‡Z gyw³‡hv×v‡`i PjvP‡ji wbqg-Kvbyb, Õ†iwKÕ K‡i kÎæNuvwUi †LuvR-Lei Rvbv ev AvµgY Kiv I wbivc‡` wd‡i Avmvi †Mwijv ‡KŠkj BZ¨vw` †kLv‡bv nq| †jd‡Ub¨v›U I K¨v‡Þb c`gh©v`vi cvÄvwe Awdmvi, BwÄwbqvi †Kv‡ii we‡ùviK we‡klÁ Ges ˆmwbK ch©v‡qi wkL †UªBbviiv Avgv‡`i mevB‡K AZ¨šÍ ˆah©¨ I AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ hveZxq †Uªwbs †kLv‡jb Ges Zuv‡`i wb‡`©k-Dc‡`‡k GK_v ej‡ZI fyj‡jb bv †h, Avgiv GB msw¶ß K‡qK w`‡bi †Uªwbs wb‡q cvK‡mbv‡`i g‡Zv HwZn¨evnx I †PŠKk GKwU evwnbx‡K bv‡Rnvj I civ¯Í Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ hy× Ki‡Z †`‡k wd‡i hv‡ev| †Uªwbs-Gi †kl ch©v‡q G‡m mevi Avjv`v Avjv`v Qwe †bqv n‡jv| Bs‡iwR‡Z fvj nv‡Zi †jLvm¤úbœ `yÕR‡bi evQvB c‡e© AvwgI AšÍf~©³ njvg| Pvi‡KvYv GKwU †kø‡Ui Dci PK w`‡q Gd.Gd (Freedom Fighter) b¤^i  wj‡L GK GKRb Zvi ey‡Ki Dci ‡mwU a‡i nuvUz †M‡o wbj-WvD‡bi fw½‡Z em‡Z n‡Zv| Avgvi b¤^iwU wQj 5959| GKRb wkL BÝUªv±i ax‡i-my‡¯’ mevi Qwe Zzj‡jb|

GKzk w`‡bi †Mwijv †Uªwbs †k‡l Gevi we`v‡qi cvjv| cÖ¯’v‡bi Av‡Mi iv‡Z wbqg gvwdK GKwU cvwU© n‡jv| DbœZ Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi Av‡M GKwU Abyôv‡b †h-‡hgb cv‡i †KŠZzK, PzUwK, g¨vwRK, Mvb BZ¨vw` cvidg© Ki‡Z n‡jv| K¨v¤ú Qvovi w`b we‡K‡j Avgv‡`i †Uªwbs fvZv bZzb KoK‡o BwÛqvb iæwc‡Z cwi‡kva Kiv n‡jv| mevB‡K `yÕ‡Rvov K‡i †KW&m, GK‡Rvov LvwK nvd c¨v›U, GK‡Rvov nvd kvU©, GKwU K‡i Kvc‡oi _wj, miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K Dcnvi¯^iƒc Gme mvgMÖx †`qv n‡jv Avgv‡`i| Avgiv †`‡k †divi Rb¨ e¨vKzj| mܨvi ci ÕRq evsjvÕ †¯øvMv‡b gyLwiZ K‡i †Lvjv Uªv‡K P‡o emjvg| Gev‡ii MšÍe¨ Zi½cyi K¨v¤ú, †hLvb †_‡K Avgv‡`i A¯¿k¯¿ I †Mvjv-eviæ` mieivn Kiv n‡e| Zi½cy‡i †b‡g Avgiv 7 b¤^i †m±i KgvÛvi hy×vnZ †gRi KvRx b~iæ¾vgv‡bi wZi¯‹vi I †Zv‡ci gy‡L cojvg| wKQzw`b Av‡M GKwU m¤§yL hy‡× wZwb Zuvi GK cv nvwi‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQz Kov K_v ‡kvbv‡jb| †`‡k wM‡q bvwK A‡bK gyw³‡hv×v Aviv‡g-Av‡q‡m mgq KvUv‡”Q, hy‡×i cwie‡Z© ï‡q-e‡m I abx‡`i Kv‡Q Puv`v Av`vq K‡i Lv‡”Q| hv‡nvK, Avgv‡`i 22 R‡bi `jwU mieivnK…Z ivB‡dj. †÷bMvb, GmGjAvi, †MÖ‡bW, gvBb I KvZ©y‡Ri c¨v‡KU ey‡S wb‡q MvBW I †njcvimn Avevi cÖ_gev‡ii †Q‡o Avmv gaycyi Bq~_ K¨v‡¤ú wd‡i Avwm| GLv‡b GKivZ Ae¯’vb K‡i †`‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Kwi| †LuvR-Lei wb‡q †ek mveav‡b ivwÎ †ejv cv‡q ‡nu‡U eW©vi †cwi‡q wbR GjvKv Av`g`xwN‡Z wd‡i Avmv n‡jv|  

3. gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY ce© (A‡±vei-wW‡m¤^i, 1971)

A‡±ve‡ii gvSvgvwS mg‡q Avgiv 22 R‡bi GKwU †Mwijv `j BwÛqvi cvwbNvUvh ‡Uªwbs †k‡l †`‡k wd‡i G‡mwQ| †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K ZLb gyw³hy‡×i mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv `yÕai‡bi LeivLeiB cvIqv hv‡”Q| cvwbNvUv I Zi½cyi ‡Uªwbs K¨v¤ú؇qi †`qv Z_¨vbyhvqx Av`g`xwN _vbvq gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ae¯’vb I K‡qKwU Dc`‡ji Dcw¯’wZ cÖ_‡g Avgv‡`i GKUz wØav-؇›` ‡d‡j †`q| civgk© K‡i wVK Kiv n‡jv Avgiv ÕAvgRv` evwnbxÕi m‡½ ‡hvM w`‡q GKm‡½ hy× Ki‡ev| evwnbxwU‡Z 40/50 Rb gyw³‡hv×v Ges AviI 20/30 Rb ¯’vbxq †¯^”Qv‡meK Av‡Q| evwnbxwUi bvgKiY R‰bK AemicÖvß B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ˆmwb‡Ki bv‡g, whwb PvjvK, AwfÁ, axiw¯’i cÖK…wZi I Zz‡Lvo eyw×m¤úbœ GKRb gvbyl| Zuvi MÖv‡gi evwo Av`g`xwN msjMœ gvjmb, Z‡e k¦ïievwo e¸ov kn‡i nIqvq cwiP‡qi cÖ_g w`b †_‡K Avwg Zuvi †mœnfvRb n‡q hvB| 1965 mv‡ji cvwK¯Zvb-BwÛqv hy‡× cÖZ¨¶ AskMÖnY K‡i wZwb nv‡Z ¸wjwe× n‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi `‡j AviI `yRb AemicÖvß ˆmwbK I bvweK wQ‡jb| ZvQvov, Av`g`xwN-mvšÍvnv‡ii K‡qKRb e¨emvqxI `‡ji c„ô‡cvlK wn‡m‡e m‡½ i‡q‡Qb| `jwU mwµqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q Ges 2/1 w`b ci ci Zv‡`i Ae¯’vb e`j K‡i MÖv‡gi cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j Ae¯’vb wb‡q iv‡Z cvK‡mbv‡`i NuvwU¸wj‡Z AvµgY cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv| Avgiv GKw`b iv‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i m‡½ †hvM †`B| Gfv‡e Avgv‡`i kw³ I g‡bvej `yÕwUB †e‡o †Mj|

mKvj-mܨv c¨v‡iW Ges †LuvRLei wb‡q `yÕGKw`b cici iv‡Z eû`~i †nu‡U wM‡q AvjZvdbMi, bkircyi, Av`g`xwN I mvšÍvnvi †ij ‡÷kb, _vbv I cywjmduvwo, GjvKvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© eªxR I KvjfvU©, e¸ov-mvšÍvnvi iæ‡U PjvPjKvix †Uªb Ges Lvb‡mbv‡`i evsKvi Avgv‡`i Avµg‡Yi Ab¨Zg j¶e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nq| GKB MÖv‡g me gyw³‡hv×v GKm‡½ Ae¯’vb bv K‡i Avgiv mvaviYZ wef³ n‡q wZbwU cvkvcvwk MÖv‡g ivZ KvUvZvg| Mªv‡gi evwo fvM K‡i Avgv‡`i _vKvi e¨e¯’v n‡Zv Ges MÖv‡gi †jv‡KivB Avgv‡`i Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e Pj‡jv cÖvq gvm LvwbK| BwZg‡a¨ Avgiv Av`g`xwN-Avev`ycyi (H A‡ji GKwU eo nvU) mo‡Ki `yÕwU KvjfvU© I Av`g`xwN-mvšÍvnvi †ijc‡_i `yÕwU eªxR ¶wZMÖ¯’ K‡iwQ| ZvQvov †Mwijv ÕwnU-A¨vÛ-ivbÕ c×wZ‡Z K‡qKw`b mvšÍvnvi †ijI‡q †÷kb I Av`g`xwN _vbv AvµgY K‡i Avgv‡`i Dcw¯’wZ Lvb‡mbv‡`i fvjfv‡e Rvwb‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q| w`‡bi †ejv Lvb‡mbviv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Luv‡R ivRvKvi I GjvKvi `vjvj‡`i m‡½ wb‡q wM‡q MÖv‡g Avgv‡`i bv †c‡q Av¸b jvwM‡q w`Z| Avgv‡`i Ae¯’vb MÖv‡gi cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j nIqvq Lvb‡mbviv iv‡Z ev w`‡bI Iw`‡K †h‡Z fq †cZ| wKš‘ GKRb `vjvj †Pqvig¨v‡bi cÖZ¨¶ g`‡` GKevi Avgiv †mbv‡`i muvovwk Avµg‡Yi wkKvi nB Ges †mB Acv‡ik‡b Avgiv gg©vwšÍKfv‡e cuvPRb gyw³‡hv×v nvivB| Avev`cyKzi nv‡Ui wbKUeZ©x GKwU MÖv‡g Zv‡`i cuvPwU Kei cvkvcvwk i‡q‡Q|

Dc‡iv³ gvivZ¥K `~N©UbvwUi ci Avgiv MÖvg¸wj‡Z Ae¯’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i AviI mZK© nB Ges cvKevwnbxi NvwU¸wj‡Z Avµg‡Yi gvÎv evwo‡q †`B| iv‡Zi cvkvcvwk ZLb w`‡bi †ejv‡ZI Avgv‡`i AvµgY Pj‡Z jvM‡jv| G‡Z Avgv‡`i nZvn‡Zi msL¨v †e‡o hvq| BwZg‡a¨ cvK-fviZ eW©vi wmj (eÜ) K‡i †`qvi Lei G‡jv| eW©vi cvivcviKvix †jvKRb I †mvm©‡`i gva¨‡g Rvbv †Mj Zviv Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv Icv‡i hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| G‡Z µgk Avgv‡`i †Mvjveviæ‡`i msKU I NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡Z jvM‡jv| KviY †h‡Kvb Acv‡ikb Pvjv‡bvi ciw`b Avgiv Õ†Kv_Õ (A¯’vqx I åvg¨gvb A¯¿vMvi) †_‡K Avgv‡`i e¨env‡ii mgcwigvb ey‡jU, †MÖ‡bW, we‡ùviK I gvBb †diZ †cZvg|

***wW‡m¤^i gvm c‡o †Mj Ges D™¢yZ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgv‡`i gv‡S ZLb wKQzUv nZvkv KvR KiwQj, KviY †mbv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i MÖvgevmxivI Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z ZLb BZ¯ÍZ Kiv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| GKw`b we‡K‡j K‡qKRb eÜz wg‡j mvšÍvnv‡ii K‡qK gvBj `~‡ii Õi³`n& we‡jÕi cvk w`‡q nuvUwQ| †`Ljvg GK‡Rvov †evgviæ wegvb we`y¨r MwZ‡Z G‡m mvšÍvnvi-bIMuvi Dci 2/1 P°i †g‡iB ‡ek K‡qKwU †evgvel©Y K‡i P‡j †Mj| Avgiv fq †cjvg, Zviv Avgv‡`i Ae¯’vb¸wj‡Z AvNvZ Ki‡e bv ‡Zv? KviY cÖ_‡g wVK ey‡S DV‡Z cviwQjvg bv, ‡m¸wj cvwK¯Ívbx bvwK BwÛqvi †cøb wQj| Z‡e GKUz c‡iB †evSv †Mj I¸wj wQj BwÛqvi dvBUvi †cøb| G‡Z Avgiv Avbw›`Z njvg| ‡mw`b mܨvq wgwUs K‡i wm×všÍ †bqv n‡jv cÖZ¨šÍ A‡j bv †_‡K Avgiv Gevi Lvb †mbv‡`i KvQvKvwQ GjvKv¸wj‡Z wM‡q DV‡ev| G‡Z Aek¨ ‡ek SuywKI i‡q‡Q| †mB iv‡ZB Avgv‡`i Pg‡K w`‡q nVvr 10/12 Rb ivRvKv‡ii GKwU `j A¯¿k¯¿mn G‡m Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgú©b Ki‡jv| e¨vcviwU‡Z Zv‡`i Awfbe Kvq`v, Awfbq, ev Ab¨ †Kvb gZje jywK‡q ‡bB †Zv? GRb¨ cÖ_‡gB Zv‡`i nvZ-cv †eu‡a cÖPÛ gvi †`qv n‡jv| Rvbv †Mj, Lvb‡mbviv Zv‡`i Avi wek¦vm Ki‡Q bv Ges Zv‡`i bv Rvwb‡q †mbviv ax‡i ax‡i e¸ov wKsev bIMuvi w`‡K cvwo Rgv‡”Q| wRÁvmvev‡` Lye †ekx Z_¨ cvIqv †Mj bv| Iiv wQj iscyi-MvBevÜv A‡ji, K‡qKw`b Av‡M Zv‡`i GB GjvKvq e`wj K‡i Avbv n‡q‡Q|

***Gevi Avgvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ I wPi¯§iYxq GKwU NUbvi msw¶ß eY©bv w`‡q cÖe‡Üi BwZ Uvb‡ev| 12 wW‡m¤^i, weRq w`e‡mi gvÎ Pvi w`b Av‡Mi NUbv| Mfxi iv‡Z cÖvh 8/10 gvBj `~i †_‡K †nu‡U Avgiv 20/25 R‡bi GKwU `j Av`g`xwN-mvšÍvnvi ga¨eZ©x GKwU ‡ijI‡q eªxR Dwo‡q †`qvi cwiKíbv wb‡q j¶¨e¯‘i KvQvKvwQ GKwU MÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ hvÎv K‡iwQ| Avgv‡`i Ab¨ `ywU `j bkircyi I mvšÍvnvi †ij ‡÷k‡bi w`‡K P‡j †M‡Q| †fvi cuvPUvq GKm‡½ AvµgY cwiPvjbvi K_v i‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i `jwUi m‡½ we‡ùviK I gvB‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ mywRZ I Zvi `yÕRb mn‡hvMx, nvjKv †gwkbMv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ ÕUvBMviÕ evey I Zvi GKRb mn‡hvMx, eªxR msjMœ evsKv‡i †MÖ‡bW PvR© Kivi Rb¨ ‡÷bMvbavix PviRb Ges Ab¨iv ivB‡dj I GmGjAvi wb‡q eªxR †_‡K cÖvq Ava gvBj `~‡ii GKwU eo cyKzi cv‡o Avgiv mg‡eZ n‡qwQ| MÖv‡gi MvQcvjv I evwoN‡ii Avovj ‡cwi‡q Avgiv AevK we¯§‡q †`Ljvg eªxRwU‡Z `yÕwU _v‡gi cwie‡Z© Kv‡Vi w¯øcv‡ii mv‡cvU© †`qv AskwU `vD `vD K‡i R¡j‡Q| gvm `y‡qK Av‡M eªxRwUi `yÕwU wcjvi Dwo‡q †`qvi ci †_‡K IwU Ifv‡eB †Rvov-Zvwj w`‡q Pvjv‡bv nw”Qj|

Acv‡ik‡bi Av‡M Avgiv †mv‡m©i gva¨‡g Lei wb‡q †R‡bwQjvg †h, eªxR msjMœ evsKv‡i Lvb‡mbv I ivRvKviiv cvjvµ‡g Ae¯’vb wb‡q cvnviv †`q| wVK cuvPUvq Avgv‡`i mw¤§wjZ AvµgY ïiæ n‡jv| wKš‘ kÎæi Zid †_‡K †Kvb cÖwZ‡iva wKsev †Mvjv¸wj Avm‡Q bv| Iw`‡K †MÖ‡bW PvR©Kvixiv µwjs K‡i evsKv‡ii KvQvKvwQ wM‡q 4/5wU †MÖ‡bW Quy‡o †g‡i‡Q, wKš‘ ZviciI †Kvb mvov-kã †bB| BwZg‡a¨ mywR‡Zi `j eªx‡Ri GK`g Kv‡Q P‡j †M‡Q| GKUz c‡iB Rvbv †Mj evsKv‡i †KD †bB, Zvi gv‡b Lvb‡mbviv eªx‡R Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡q cvwj‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K mKvj n‡q †Mj| Avgiv GKch©v‡q mevB †`Š‡o wM‡q †ijjvB‡bi Dci D‡V cojvg| j¶¨e¯‘ ZLb Avgv‡`i `L‡j| †m wK †h Avb›`! Zv fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv KwVb| Av‡kcv‡ki MÖv‡gi ‡ek wKQz †jvKRb G‡m Avgv‡`i m‡½ †hvM w`j| Avgiv Gevi wm×všÍ wbjvg, eªxR GLb A‡K‡Rv n‡jI †ijjvBb e¨env‡ii Aby‡cv‡hvMx Ki‡Z ‡mwU ¶wZMÖ¯’ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z K‡i Lvb‡mbv‡`i kvU&j †Uªb PjvPj evavMÖ¯’ nq| ïiæ n‡q †Mj ÕRq evsjvÕ †¯øvMvb w`‡q †ijjvB‡bi wdk-‡cøU †Lvjvi KvR| hš¿cvwZ Qvov bvU-eëz Lyj‡Z bv †c‡i mywR‡Zi `j jvB‡bi wb‡P A¨vw›U-U¨vsK gvBb ‡mU K‡i Dwo‡q †`qvi cÖ¯‘wZ wbj| weKU we‡ùvi‡Y 4/5 nvZ RvqMvmn eªx‡Ri c~‡e©i GKwU Ask Dwo‡q †`qv n‡jv| Gevi AviI GKwU gvBb †mU Kiv n‡jv eªx‡Ri cwðg As‡k| †h‡nZz Dci †_‡K Pvc w`‡q gvBbwU ev÷© Kiv‡bv m¤¢e bq, mywR‡Zi †KŠkj wQj gvB‡bi †WU‡bU‡ii m‡½ jvMv‡bv wjfv‡ii cÖv‡šÍ Zvgvi Zvi †eu‡a †mwU 20/25 nvZ `~i †_‡K †U‡b gvBbwU dvUv‡bv| Gi Av‡M †m eûevi G c×wZ‡Z mdjI n‡q‡Q| Z‡e AvR Zvi `~f©vM¨| Zv‡i Uvb †`qvq IwU †WU‡bU‡ii wjfvi †_‡K Ly‡j hvq| ZLb †m Kv‡Q wM‡q Dcyi n‡q ZviwU cyYtms‡hv‡Mi †Póv KiwQj| Agwb cÖPÛ we‡ùvi‡Y mywRZ m‡gZ †ijjvB‡bi †ek wKQz RvqMv wbwg‡l D‡o hvq| Avgiv AevK we¯§‡q †`Ljvg mywR‡Zi KvQvKvwQ _vKv GKRb mn‡hvMxi kix‡i I gy‡L i³-gvs‡mi UzKiv Ges †ijjvB‡bi cvk w`‡q P‡j hvIqv ‡Uwj‡dvb Zv‡ii Dci mywR‡Zi my‡qUv‡ii UzKiv Szj‡Q! cÖm½Z e‡j ivwL, mywR‡Zi GB AvZ¥`vb‡K ¯§iYxq K‡i ivL‡Z ¯^vaxbZvi ci NUbv¯’‡ji Kv‡Qi GKwU †ij µwms-Gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q ÕmywRZ †MBUÕ, †hwU Av`g`xwN †ij‡÷k‡bi cwðg cÖv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z|

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1. মুক্তিযুদ্ধ বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়, বীর মুক্তিযোদ্ধা তথ্য ব্যবস্থাপনা সিস্টেম, মুক্তিযোদ্ধার বিস্তারিত তথ্য t
http://mis.molwa.gov.bd/freedom-fighter-list/details/01100004818

2. gyw³hy× B-AvK©vBf (www.liberationwarbangladesh.org) t

https://www.liberationwarbangladesh.org/?p=4021

A short biography of the author

The author was born on December 4, 1955, at Bogura, Bangladesh. He received his B. Sc. Honours (1977) and M. Sc. (1978) Degrees in Zoology from the University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, where he started his teaching and research career as a Lecturer in Zoology in 1983. Subsequently, he had his second M. Sc. in Applied Entomology and Crop Protection from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (1990), Ph. D. in Insect Physiology and Behaviour from the Universities of Reading and Oxford, UK (1995), Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellowship in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK (2001-2002) and Visiting Fellowship in the Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, USA (2003-2005). Meanwhile, Dr. Islam was promoted to Assistant Professor (1986), Associate Professor (1995) and Professor (1998) in his parent Department, where he is currently employed. He chaired the Department from 14 May 2018 to 13 May 2021. Professor Islam has supervised quite a good number of MS thesis (>20) and PhD/MPhil students (18) since 1983. He has a credit of publishing over 200 research papers in renowned scientific journals of home and abroad. He is the author of ‘Selected Lectures on Genetics’ and he co-authored a couple of text books titled ‘Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering’ and ‘Genetics: The Science of Heredity and Variation’ in Bangla, and a monograph titled One of the Crowd: The Amazing Biology of the Desert Locust published by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Swindon UK. In addition, seven PhD and MS theses from his lab have been published during 2016 and 2018 by the LAP Lambert Publishing, Germany, in which he co-authored with his students. Prof. Islam is a member of a large number of learned bodies including: Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society (FRES), London; Fellow of the Zoological Society of Bangladesh (FZSB); Life Member, Zoological Society of Bangladesh (ZSB); Regional Secretary, ZSB (1996-1998); Life Member, Genetical Society of Bangladesh (GSB); Treasurer, GSB, (1999-2005); Life Member, Bangla Academy; Bangladesh, Life Member, Association of the Bangladesh Commonwealth Scholars; Life Member, Bangladesh Entomological Society; Life Member, Bangladesh Heart Foundation, Rajshahi; Member, Bangladesh Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS); Member, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh and Ex-Member, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He has conducted research for a number of grants funded by various organizations including the University of Rajshahi (RU), Ministry of Science & Technology, University Grants Commission (UGC) of Bangladesh, Third World Academy of Science (TWAS), Italy and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Austria. Prof. Islam served as Executive Editors and Editorial Board members of several scientific journals, namely, Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, Journal of Life & Earth Sciences, Journal of Biological Sciences, Bangladesh Journal of Genetics & Biotechnology, national and international Conference Proceedings and departmental yearly periodical Probal. He used to teach vertebrate and invertebrate Zoology, Microbiology, Biometry, Evolution, Embryology & Developmental Biology and Animal Behaviour to undergraduate, and Genetics & Molecular Biology to postgraduate students. His current research interest includes: Genetics and Molecular Biology of pest insects, inheritance of Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits in man, and applications of breeding principles to farm animals. Email address: saifulzoo.ru@gmail.com.

Updated: 03-09-2021.